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Writing to learn makes it possible to show learning in writing. Much of the writing you will do in college and at work will ask you to demonstrate what you have learned. The success of that demonstration will depend on, among other things, revising your writing to show your knowledge to best advantage. When you have begun to see what you want to say (frequently this becomes clear at the very end of a first draft), it is time to start thinking about how to present your ideas to others. It is time to start thinking about revising.

Revising can be described as the most important (and frequently most neglected) part of writing. Novelists Doris Lessing has said that many novels miss greatness because authors are unwilling or unable to revise them. James Michener explains the importance of revision in this way: I have never thought of myself as a good writer. Anyone who wants reassurance of that should read one of my first drafts. But I'm one of the world's great revisers.

Revising takes many forms. It means thinking about the audience for your writing. Who will read your work and why? It also means developing an overall plan for the writing that will make your ideas clear. Often the organization of a first draft will reflect your process of discovery, but that may not be the best way to present your ideas to someone else.

Revising also gives attention to the style of language, to the structure of a paragraph, and to the shape of sentences and other forms that show learning to its best advantage in order to understand your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer.

Writing to learn and writing to show learning are never, of course, entirely separate processes. Writers frequently consider issues of demonstrating learning while writing to learn, and writing to show learning often leads to new understanding. In drafting, for example, you may start thinking about what an audience will need to know in order to understand your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. But understanding the differences between writing to learn and writing to show learning is central to seeing writing as a process.

16．The author thinks that revising starts when______.

A．you want to show what you know

B．you think about your audience

C．you have discovered your idea

D．you have developed an overall writing plan

17．The chief purpose in revising your writing is for you to ______.

A．learn in the course of writing

B． show your learning to its best advantage

C．a(chǎn)dd new ideas to your writing

D．use an appropriate style of language

18．According to the passage, it is a fact that______.

A．in revising, one should only correct some spelling mistakes

B．a(chǎn) good writer does not need to revise his writing much

C．the organization of a first draft is sure to be the best way to convey author's ideas

D．a(chǎn)ccording to James Michaner he is a good reviser before he is a great writer

19．What Doris Lessing said helps to support the idea that ______.

A．he is one of the world's great revisers

B．he is not a good writer

C．revising is very important

D．many writers are unwilling to revise their works

20．Which of the following statements can be the best title of the passage?

A．The importance of revising

B．The importance of writing

C．How to compose good writing

D．How to revise your writing

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