1.名詞性從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句;

2.形容詞性從句，即我們平常所說的定語從句;

3.狀語從句，在句子中通常是時間地點方式的狀語。

長難句解析

25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’sexcellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology

the practice of giving premiums to inventors; above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.

【詞匯】

shaping factor: 形成因素

single out: 挑選出

elementary: adj. 基本的;初級的;[化]元素的

labor force: 勞動力

premium: n. 額外費用;保險費;附加費

above all: 最重要的是

spatial: adj. 空間的;存在于空間的;占大篇幅的

【句式分析】

① 句子主干：I would single out...。

② 分號間隔了三個并列的賓語：the country’s excellent elementary schools; the practice of

giving premiums to inventors; the American genius。

③ 冒號后面的內容為解釋說明：a labor force that welcomed the new technology。

【翻譯】

在許多形成因素當中，我將挑選出這些：這個優秀的小學教育：歡迎新技術的勞動者們;獎勵發明者的做法;而且最重要的是美國人在對那些技術性事物的非言語的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。

26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer the inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate in their minds devices that as

yet do not exist”.

【詞匯】

point out: 指出

be reduced to: n. 減少;縮小

unambiguous: adj. 不含糊的;清楚的;明白的

deal with: 處理

assemble: v. 集合，收集

manipulate: v. 操作;處理

【句式分析】

① 句子主干：A technologist thinks about objects...The designer the

inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate devices。

② 非限定性定語從句：As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out，從句修飾的內容是雙引號里面的內容。

③ 定語從句：that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions 修飾先行

詞 objects;that as yet do not exist 修飾先行詞 devices。

④ 冒號后面的內容為解釋說明： they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal

process。

【翻譯】

正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個技術希賽網思考那些不能被簡化成能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、非語言表述的過程處理的……設計者和發明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。”

27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers,screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,

considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".

【詞匯】

mechanic: n. 技工，機修工

lever: n. 杠桿

screw: n. 螺絲釘;螺旋槳

wedge: n. 楔;楔形物

alphabet：n. 字母表;字母系統

exhibition：n. 表明;陳列，展覽

transmit: v. 傳遞;傳輸，傳送;發射

【句式分析】

① 句子主干：Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down...”。

② 介詞短語做定語：like a poet among the letters of the alphabet，補充完整為定語從句是：who islike a poet among the letters of the alphabet。

③ 現在分詞作狀語：considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts

④ 非限定定語從句：in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea，用來修飾先行詞 an exhibition of his thoughts。

【翻譯】

羅伯特·法歐特曾經這樣寫到：“一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了——種新的思想。”